More on NAC
N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the dietary amino acid
l-cysteine, is a naturally occurring amino acid that has been extensively researched for its potent antioxidant properties.
NAC has been found to enhance mitochondrial function, particularly in its potential to neutralize the chemical by-products of smoking. In other studies, NAC protected cells from programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis.
NAC is known an immune enhancer; detoxifies heavy metals; treats smoker's cough and bronchitis; prevents heart disease; slows progression of HIV; relieves hangover symptoms; reduces exercise fatigue. It is used as a supplement for bronchitis, HIV infection, cystic fibrosis, cancer chemotherapy support, acetaminophen poisoning, heavy metal poisoning and septic shock.
NAC has a high affinity for lung tissue, and keeps the membranes of the respiratory system moist, thereby lessening the irritation of dry air, dust and pollutants.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial with 262 participants indicated that NAC supplementation for 6 months supported upper respiratory tract and immune system health. A recent meta-analysis of 8 double-blind, placebo controlled trials provided additional support for NAC's ability to support respiratory tract health.
Double-blind research has found that NAC improved symptoms and prevented recurrences in people with chronic bronchitis.
1,200 mg per day helps to prevent Influenza infection, reduces the symptoms of existing Influenza infection and reduces the duration of Influenza infections.
An animal study indicates that NAC may decrease mortality associated with influenza (Ungheri, et al., 2000)
NAC may reduce the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations (Pela et al., 1999)
There are claims that NAC taken together with vitamin C and B1 can be used to prevent and relieve symptoms of hangovers following alcohol consumption. The claimed mechanism is through scavenging of acetaldehyde, a toxic intermediate in the metabolism of ethanol.
NAC has been shown to help women with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) to reduce insulin problems and possibly improve fertility.(Fulghesu, et al., 2002)
Recent animal studies suggest that NAC, even at low doses, may help prevent noise-induced hearing loss (Bielefeld et al., 2007).
In the treatment of AIDS, NAC has been shown to cause a "marked increase in immunological functions and plasma albumin concentrations" (Breitkreutz, et al., 2000). Albumin concentration are inversely correlated with muscle wasting (cachexia), a condition associated with AIDS.
Short-term, high-dose combination treatment with NAC and vitamin C in patients with HIV infection and advanced immunodeficiency lead to immunological and virological effects that might be of therapeutic value. (Müller et al., 2000).
NAC also protects the body from acetaminophen toxicity and is used in hospitals for patients with acetaminophen poisoning. (Takayama, et al. 2008). It has also been shown to be effective at treating liver failure from other causes as well.
NAC has been shown to reduce cravings associated with chronic cocaine use in a study conducted at the Medical University of South Carolina (Kalivas, et al., 2006).
NAC is safe and well-tolerated.