R-DHLA, together with RLA, is available in our Mito-GOLD®, R-PLUS®
and R-PLUS-CoQ10
formulas as softgels at our online store
Peer Reviewed Research
DHLA
Alpha-Lipoic
acid exhibits anti-amyloidogenicity for beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro.
Ono K, Hirohata M, Yamada M. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Mar
24;341(4):1046-52.
Alpha-Lipoic
acid inhibits inflammatory bone resorption by suppressing prostaglandin E2
synthesis.
Ha H, Lee JH, Kim HN, et al., J Immunol. 2006 Jan 1;176(1):111-7.
Pro-oxidant actions of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid.
Cakatay U. Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(1):110-7.
Lipoic
acid: characteristics and therapeutic application.
Malinska D, Winiarska K., Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2005;59:535-43.
Peroxynitrite-derived carbonate and nitrogen dioxide radicals readily react with lipoic and dihydrolipoic acid.
Trujillo M, Folkes L, Bartesaghi S, et al., Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Jul 15;39(2):279-88.
The
effects of alpha-lipoic acid on nitric oxide synthetase dispersion in penile
function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Hurdag C, Ozkara H, Citci S, et al., Int J Tissue React. 2005;27(3):145-50.
Inhibition of gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase-9) by dihydrolipoic acid.
Cantin AM, Martel M, Drouin G, et al. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;83(3):301-8.
Thermodynamics of the As(III)-thiol interaction: arsenite and monomethylarsenite complexes with glutathione, dihydrolipoic acid, and other thiol ligands.
Spuches AM, Kruszyna HG, Rich AM, et al. Inorg Chem. 2005 Apr 18;44(8):2964-72.
Alpha-Lipoic acid induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells by increasing mitochondrial respiration with a concomitant O2-*-generation.
Wenzel U, Nickel A, Daniel H. Apoptosis. 2005 Mar;10(2):359-68.
N-acetylcysteine decreases angiotensin II receptor binding in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Ullian ME, Gelasco AK, Fitzgibbon WR, et al., J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Aug;16(8):2346-53.
Thioredoxin and lipoic acid catalyze the denitrosation of low molecular weight and protein S-nitrosothiols.
Stoyanovsky DA, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, et al., J Am Chem Soc. 2005 Nov 16;127(45):15815-23.
Thioredoxin and dihydrolipoic acid inhibit elastase activity in cystic fibrosis sputum.
Lee RL, Rancourt RC, del Val G, et al., Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005 Nov;289(5):L875-82.
Alpha-lipoic--dihydrolipoic
acids--active bioantioxidant and bioregulatory system.
Ukr Biokhim Zh. 2005 May-Jun;77(3):20-6.
Lipoic acid pretreatment attenuates ferric chloride-induced seizures in the rat.
Meyerhoff JL, Lee JK, et al. Brain Res. 2004 Aug 6;1016(2):139-44.
Antioxidant effects of sulfur-containing amino acids.
Atmaca G. Yonsei Med J. 2004 Oct 31;45(5):776-88.
Dihydrolipoic acid lowers the redox activity of transition metal ions but does not remove them from the active site of enzymes.
Suh JH, Zhu BZ, deSzoeke E, Frei B, Hagen TM. Redox Rep. 2004;9(1):57-61.
Alpha lipoic acid inhibits human T-cell migration: implications for multiple
sclerosis.
Marracci GH, McKeon GP, Marquardt WE, et al. J Neurosci Res. 2004 Nov 1;78(3):362-70.
Effect of fidarestat and alpha-lipoic acid on diabetes-induced epineurial arteriole vascular dysfunction.
Yorek MA, Coppey LJ, et al. Exp Diabesity Res. 2004 Apr-Jun;5(2):123-35.
Cu2+ toxicity inhibition of mitochondrial dehydrogenases in vitro and in vivo.
Sheline CT, Choi DW. Ann Neurol. 2004 May;55(5):645-53.
Photoinduced interactions between oxidized and reduced lipoic acid and riboflavin (vitamin B2).
Lu C, Bucher G, Sander W. Chemphyschem. 2004 Jan23;5(1):47-56.
Plasma kinetics, metabolism, and urinary excretion of alpha-lipoic acid following oral administration in healthy volunteers.
Teichert J, Hermann R, Ruus P, Preiss R. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Nov;43(11):1257-67.
Protection against amyloid beta peptide and iron/hydrogen peroxide toxicity by alpha lipoic acid.
Lovell MA, Xie C, Xiong S, Markesbery WR. J Alzheimers Dis. 2003 Jun;5(3):229-39.
Dihydrolipoic acid inhibits 15-lipoxygenase-dependent lipid
peroxidation.
Lapenna D, Ciofani G, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Nov
15;35(10):1203-9.
Inhibition of oxygen radical formation by methylene blue, aspirin, or alpha-lipoic acid, prevents bacterial-lipopolysaccharide-induced fever.
Riedel W, Lang U, et al. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 May;247(1-2):83-94.
Effect of DHLA on response of isolated rat urinary bladder to repetitive field stimulation.
Levin RM, Borow A, Levin SS, Haugaard N. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Apr;246(1-2):129-35.
In vitro neuroprotection against oxidative stress by pre-treatment with a combination of dihydrolipoic acid and phenyl-butyl nitrones.
Koenig ML, Meyerhoff JL. Neurotox Res. 2003;5(4):265-72.
Biological and dietary antioxidants protect against DNA nitration induced by reaction of hypochlorous acid with nitrite.
Chen HJ, Wu SB, Chang CM. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Jul 1;415(1):109-16.
Hemoprotein-mediated reduction of nitrated DNA bases in the presence of reducing agents.
Chen HJ, Chang CM, Chen YM. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Jan 15;34(2):254-68.
Reactive oxygen species are involved in the stimulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition by dihydrolipoate.
Morkunaite-Haimi S, Kruglov AG et al. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Jan 1;65(1):43-9.
Modulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene expression alters skin pigmentation.
Lin CB, Babiarz L, Liebel F, et al. J Invest Dermatol. 2002 Dec;119(6):1330-40.
Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid.
Moini H, Packer L, Saris NE. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Jul 1;182(1):84-90
Dihydrolipoic acid as an effective cofactor for peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase in enzymatic repair of oxidative damage to both lipid-free and lipid-bound apolipoprotein a-I.
Sigalov AB, Stern LJ. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Jun;4(3):553-7.
Lipoyl dehydrogenase catalyzes reduction of nitrated DNA and protein adducts using dihydrolipoic acid or ubiquinol as the cofactor.
Chen HJ, Chen YM, Chang CM.Chem Biol Interact. 2002 Aug 15;140(3):199-213.
Myeloperoxidase-dependent caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in HL-60 cells: protection by the antioxidants ascorbate and (dihydro)lipoic acid.
Myzak MC, Carr AC. Redox Rep. 2002;7(1):47-53.
Uptake, recycling, and antioxidant actions of alpha-lipoic acid in endothelial cells.
Jones W, Li X, Qu ZC, Perriott L, Whitesell RR, May JM. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Jul 1;33(1):83-93
Peroxynitrite reaction with the reduced and the oxidized forms of lipoic acid: new insights into the reaction of peroxynitrite with thiols.
Trujillo M, Radi R. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Jan 1;397(1):91-8.
Cofactors of mitochondrial enzymes attenuate copper-induced death in vitro and in vivo.
Sheline CT, Choi EH, Kim-Han JS, Dugan LL, Choi DW. Ann Neurol. 2002 Aug;52(2):195-204.
Alpha lipoic acid inhibits T cell migration into the spinal cord and suppresses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Marracci GH, Jones RE, McKeon GP, Bourdette DN. J Neuroimmunol. 2002 Oct;131(1-2):104-14.
Biologic properties of lipoic acid
[Article in Polish] Bilska A, Wlodek L. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2002;56(2):201-19
Activation of choline acetyl transferase by dihydrolipoic acid.
Haugaard N, Levin RM. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Jan ;229(1-2):103-6.
Sulfur-centered radical formation from the antioxidant dihydrolipoic acid.
Mottley C, Mason RP. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):42677-83.
Molecular aspects of lipoic acid in the prevention of diabetes complications.
Packer L, Kraemer K, Rimbach G. Nutrition. 2001 Oct;17(10):888-95.
Effects of the antioxidants dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and probucol on xenobiotic-mediated methaemoglobin formation in diabetic and non-diabetic human erythrocytes in vitro(1).
Coleman MD, Baker CD.1382-6689. 2001 Mar;9(4):161-167.
Lipoate ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion in animal models.
Freisleben HJ. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2000;23(2-4):219-24.
Coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, and dihydrothioctic acid cooperatively prevent diene conjugation in isolated low-density lipoprotein.
Schneider D, Elstner EF. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2000 Summer;2(2):327-33.
Dihydrolipoic acid maintains ubiquinone in the antioxidant active form by two-electron reduction of ubiquinone and one-electron reduction of ubisemiquinone.
Kozlov AV, Gille L, Staniek K, Nohl H. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Mar 1;363(1):148-54.
Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of ubiquinol and dihydrolipoic acid.
Nohl H, Gille L.Z Naturforsch [C]. 1998 Mar-Apr;53 (3-4):250-3.
Thiol chelation of Cu2+ by dihydrolipoic acid prevents human low density lipoprotein peroxidation.
Lodge JK, Traber MG, Packer L. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 Aug;25(3):287-97
Effects of dihydrolipoic acid on peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase. Implications for antioxidant drugs.
Biewenga GP, Veening-Griffioen DH, et al. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998 Feb;48(2):144-8.
The pharmacology of the antioxidant lipoic acid.
Biewenga GP, Haenen GR, Bast A. Gen Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;29(3):315-31.
Efficient reduction of lipoamide and lipoic acid by mammalian thioredoxin reductase.
Arner ES, Nordberg J, Holmgren A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Aug5;225(1):268-74.
Neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid and its enantiomers demonstrated in rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia.
Wolz P, Krieglstein J. Neuropharmacology. 1996 Mar;35(3):369-75.
Prolonged pretreatment with alpha-lipoic acid protects cultured neurons against hypoxic, glutamate-, or iron-induced injury.
Muller U, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1995 Jul;15(4):624-30Krieglstein J.
Antioxidant inhibition of skin inflammation induced by reactive oxidants: evaluation of the redox couple dihydrolipoate/lipoate.
Fuchs J, Milbradt R.Skin Pharmacol. 1994;7(5):278-84.
Lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids as antioxidants. A critical evaluation
Scott BC, Aruoma OI, et al. Free Radic Res. 1994 Feb;20(2):119-33.
Dihydrolipoic acid prevents hypoxic/reoxygenation and peroxidative damage in rat heart mitochondria.
Scheer B, Zimmer G. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 May;302(2):385-90.
Effect of lipoic acid on biliary excretion of glutathione and metals.
Gregus Z, Stein AF, Varga F, Klaassen CD. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 May;114(1):88-96.
Thioctic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are novel antioxidants which interact with reactive oxygen species.
Suzuki YJ, Tsuchiya M, Packer L. Free Radic Res Commun 1991;15(5):255-63
Antioxidant activities of Dihydrolipoic Acid and its structural homologues.
Suzuki, Y, Tsuchiya, M, Packer, L. Free Rad. Res. Commns., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 115-122. 1992
Dihydrolipoate Reduces Neuronal Injury After Cerebral Ischemia.
Prehn, Jochen HM,et al. J. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 12:78-87 1992
Studies on the efficacy of lipoate and dihydrolipoate in the alteration of cadmium2+ toxicity in isolated hepatocytes.
Muller L, Menzel H. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 May 22;1052(3):386-91.
Antioxidant activity of dihydrolipoate against microsomal lipid peroxidation and its dependence on alpha-tocopherol.
Scholich H, Murphy ME, Sies H. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989 Feb 20;1001(3):256-61.