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Research and References

Effect of lipid peroxides and antioxidants on glycation of hemoglobin: An in vitro study on human erythrocytes.
Selvaraj N, Bobby Z, Sathiyapriya V. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Apr;366(1-2):190-5.

Reduction in podocyte density as a pathologic feature in early diabetic nephropathy in rodents: prevention by lipoic acid treatment.
Siu B, Saha J, Smoyer WE, Sullivan KA, et al. BMC Nephrol. 2006 Mar 15;7(1):6

The Long-term Survival of a Patient With Pancreatic Cancer With Metastases to the Liver After Treatment With the Intravenous {alpha}-Lipoic Acid/Low-Dose Naltrexone Protocol.
Berkson BM, Rubin DM, Berkson AJ. Integr Cancer Ther. 2006 Mar;5(1):83-9.

Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer.
Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, et al. Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Mar 10;160(1):1-40.

Protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress in cultured human epithelial cells by treatment with antioxidant agents.
Wan XS, Ware JH, Zhou Z, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Feb 9;

Alpha-lipoic acid exhibits anti-amyloidogenicity for beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro.
Ono K, Hirohata M, Yamada M. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Mar 24;341(4):1046-52.

Protective role of eicosapentaenoate-lipoate (EPA-LA) derivative in combating oxidative hepatocellular injury in hypercholesterolemic atherogenesis.
Kumar SA, Sudhahar V, Varalakshmi P. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Feb 1;

Oxidative stress-mediated macromolecular damage and dwindle in antioxidant status in aged rat brain regions: Role of l-carnitine and dl-alpha-lipoic acid.
Muthuswamy AD, Vedagiri K, Ganesan M, et al. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Feb 7;

Expression of the kidney injury molecule 1 in the rat cochlea and induction by cisplatin.
Mukherjea D, Whitworth CA, Nandish S, et al. Neuroscience. 2006 Feb 3;

Diabetic neuropathy.
Bansal V, Kalita J, Misra UK. Postgrad Med J. 2006 Feb;82(964):95-100.

Pro-oxidant actions of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid.
Cakatay U. Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(1):110-7.

alpha-Lipoic acid inhibits inflammatory bone resorption by suppressing prostaglandin E2 synthesis.
Ha H, Lee JH, Kim HN, et al. J Immunol. 2006 Jan 1;176(1):111-7.

Chronic dietary alpha-lipoic acid reduces deficits in hippocampal memory of aged Tg2576 mice.
Quinn JF, Bussiere JR, Hammond RS, et al. Neurobiol Aging. 2006 Jan 28;

Alpha-tocopherol and alpha-lipoic acid enhance the erythrocyte antioxidant defence in cyclosporine A-treated rats.
Lexis LA, Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Jan;98(1):68-73.

Exercise training and the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Henriksen EJ. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Jan 1;40(1):3-12.

Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer.
Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, et al. Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Mar 10;160(1):1-40.

Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits fractalkine expression and prevents neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury in rat carotid artery.
Lee KM, Park KG, Kim YD, et al. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Jan 10;

Decrease in NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity of the human heart, Liver and lungs in the presence of alpha-lipoic acid.
Dudka J. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):121-5.

Induction of heat shock proteins may combat insulin resistance.
McCarty MF. Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(3):527-34.

Menopause: A review on the role of oxygen stress and favorable effects of dietary antioxidants.
Miquel J, Ramirez-Bosca A, Ramirez-Bosca JV, et al. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2006 Jan 25;

Chemoprotective effect of lipoic acid against cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat sperm.
Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, Sudharsan PT, et al. Toxicology. 2006 Jan 5;217(1):71-8.

alpha-Lipoic acid and N-acetyl cysteine prevent zinc deficiency-induced activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells.
Mackenzie GG, Zago MP, Erlejman AG, et al. Free Radic Res. 2006 Jan;40(1):75-84.

Preservation of pressure-induced cutaneous vasodilation by limiting oxidative stress in short-term diabetic mice.
Demiot C, Fromy B, Saumet JL, et al. Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Jan;69(1):245-52.

Chemoprotective effect of lipoic acid against cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat sperm.
Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, Sudharsan PT, et al. Toxicology. 2006 Jan 5;217(1):71-8.

Lipoic acid modulates adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity.
Prahalathan C, Selvakumar E, Varalakshmi P. Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Jan;21(1):54-9.

Modulatory role of lipoic acid on adriamycin-induced testicular injury.
Prahalathan C, Selvakumar E, Varalakshmi P. Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Jan 21;

Mitochondrial membrane damage during aging process in rat heart: Potential efficacy of l-carnitine and dl alpha lipoic acid.
Savitha S, Panneerselvam C. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006 Jan 19;

Protective effect of lipoic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular toxicity.
Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, Sudharsan PT, et al. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Jan 29;

Alpha-lipoic acid prevents endothelial dysfunction in obese rats via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
Lee WJ, Lee IK, Kim HS, et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Dec;25(12):2488-94.

Lipoic acid decreases exhaled nitric oxide concentrations in anesthetized endotoxemic rats.
De Marco VG, Bosanquet JP, Rawlani VR, et al. Vascul Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;43(6):404-10.

Diabetic retinopathy: mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal capillary cell death.
Kowluru RA. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Nov-Dec;7(11-12):1581-87.

Lipoic acid: characteristics and therapeutic application.
Malinska D, Winiarska K. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2005;59:535-43.

Effects of antioxidants on glutathione levels and clinical recovery from the malnutrition syndrome kwashiorkor - a pilot study.
Becker K, Pons-Kuhnemann J, Fechner A, et al. Redox Rep. 2005;10(4):215-26.

Effect of dietary alpha-lipoic acid on growth, body composition, muscle pH, and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in mice.
Shen QW, Jones CS, Kalchayanand N, et al. J Anim Sci. 2005 Nov;83(11):2611-7.

Transdermal delivery of amino acids and antioxidants enhance collagen synthesis: in vivo and in vitro studies.
Han B, Nimni ME. Connect Tissue Res. 2005;46(4-5):251-7.

Proposed mechanisms for the induction of insulin resistance by oxidative stress.
Bloch-Damti A, Bashan N. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Nov-Dec;7(11-12):1553-67.

Combined efficacies of DL-alpha-lipoic acid and meso 2,3 dimercaptosuccinic acid against arsenic induced toxicity in antioxidant systems of rats.
Kokilavani V, Devi MA, Sivarajan K, et al. Toxicol Lett. 2005 Dec 30;160(1):1-7.

Lipoic acid improves glucose utilisation and prevents protein glycation and AGE formation.
Thirunavukkarasu V, Anitha Nandhini AT, et al., Pharmazie. 2005 Oct;60(10):772-5.

The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on nitric oxide synthetase dispersion in penile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Hurdag C, Ozkara H, Citci S, et al. Int J Tissue React. 2005;27(3):145-50.

Predictors of alpha-lipoic acid treatment efficacy in diabetic polyneuropathy of the lower limbs.
Bregovskii VB, Posokhina OV, Karpova IA. Ter Arkh. 2005;77(10):15-9.

Lipoic acid - the drug of the future?
Bilska A, Wlodek L. Pharmacol Rep. 2005 Sep-Oct;57(5):570-7.

Chemoprotective effect of lipoic acid against cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat sperm.
Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, et. al., Toxicology. 2005 Oct 1;

Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid in lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial fractalkine expression.
Sung MJ, Kim W, Ahn SY, et al. Circ Res. 2005 Oct 28;97(9):880-90.

Alpha-lipoic acid-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression is mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in human monocytic cells.
Ogborne RM, Rushworth SA, O'Connell MA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Oct;25(10):2100-5.

Cytoprotective role of DL-alpha-Lipoic acid in cyclophosphamide induced myocardial toxicity.
Mythili Y, Sudharsan PT, Varalakshmi P. Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Aug;276(1-2):39-44.

Partial protection by lipoic acid against carboplantin-induced ototoxicity in rats.
Husain K, Whitworth C, Somani SM, Rybak LP. Biomed Environ Sci. 2005 Jun;18(3):198-206.

Lipoic acid modulates adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity.
Prahalathan C, Selvakumar E, Varalakshmi P. Reprod Toxicol. 2005 Aug 17;

Alpha-lipoic acid protects against cholecystokinin-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
Park SJ, Seo SW, et al., World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Aug 21;11(31):4883-5.

Protective effect of lipoic acid on micronuclei induction by cyclophosphamide.
Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, et al. Arch Toxicol. 2005 Aug 9;:1-5.

dl-alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates cyclophosphamide induced cardiac mitochondrial injury.
Mythili Y, Sudharsan PT, Varalakshmi P. Toxicology. 2005 Nov 5;215(1-2):108-14.

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection via antioxidants: results of a phase I clinical trial.
Melhem A, Stern M, et al., J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep;39(8):737-42.

Prevention of chromate induced oxidative stress by alpha-lipoic acid.
Budhwar R, Kumar S. Indian J Exp Biol. 2005 Jun;43(6):531-5.

Utilization of the insulin-signaling network in the metabolic actions of alpha-lipoic acid-reduction or oxidation?
Konrad D. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Jul-Aug;7(7-8):1032-9.

Mitigation of oxidative stress in cyclophosphamide-challenged hepatic tissue by DL-alpha-lipoic acid.
Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, et al., Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Apr;272(1-2):179-85.

Thioctic acid for patients with symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: a critical review.
Ziegler D. Treat Endocrinol. 2004;3(3):173-89.

Pretreatment of diabetic rats with lipoic acid improves healing of subsequently-induced abrasion wounds.
Lateef H, Aslam MN, et al. Arch Dermatol Res. 2005 Aug;297(2):75-83.

Alpha-lipoic acid protects against cholecystokinin-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
Park SJ, Seo SW, Choi OS, et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Aug 21;11(31):4883-5.

alpha-Lipoic acid supplementation inhibits oxidative damage, accelerating chronic wound healing in patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Alleva R, Nasole E, et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 29;333(2):404-10.

Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in human bone marrow stromal cells.
Byun CH, Koh JM, et al., J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Jul;20(7):1125-35.

Treatment for diabetic mononeuropathy with alpha-lipoic acid.
Tankova T, Cherninkova S, Koev D. Int J Clin Pract. 2005 Jun;59(6):645-50.

Plasma protein oxidation in aging rats after alpha-lipoic acid administration.
Cakatay U, Kayali R. Biogerontology. 2005;6(2):87-93.

Efficacy of levo carnitine and alpha lipoic acid in ameliorating the decline in mitochondrial enzymes during aging.
Savitha S, Sivarajan K, et al. Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;24(5):794-800.

Alpha-lipoic acid increases insulin sensitivity by activating AMPK in skeletal muscle.
Lee WJ, Song KH, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 8;332(3):885-91.

Short-term hyperglycemia produces oxidative damage and apoptosis in neurons.
Vincent AM, McLean LL, Backus C, et al. FASEB J. 2005 Apr;19(6):638-40.

Effect of ethanol on the response of the rat urinary bladder to in vitro ischemia: protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid.
Levin RM, Danek M, et al., Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Mar;271(1-2):133-8.

Cardiac lipids and antioxidant status in high fructose rats and the effect of alpha-lipoic acid.
Thirunavukkarasu V, Anitha Nandhini AT, Anuradha CV. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004 Dec;14(6):351-7.

Oxidative stress on mitochondrial antioxidant defense system in the aging process: role of DL-alpha-lipoic acid and L-carnitine.
Savitha S, Tamilselvan J, et al., Clin Chim Acta. 2005 May;355(1-2):173-80.

Lipoic acid prevents collagen abnormalities in tail tendon of high-fructose-fed rats.
Thirunavukkarasu V, Nandhini AT, Anuradha CV. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005 May;7(3):294-7.

Brain regional responses in antioxidant system to alpha-lipoic acid in arsenic intoxicated rat.
Shila S, Kokilavani V, et al., Toxicology. 2005 May 15;210(1):25-36.

Arsenic intoxication-induced reduction of glutathione level and of the activity of related enzymes in rat brain regions: reversal by DL: -alpha-lipoic acid.
Shila S, Subathra M, et al., Arch Toxicol. 2005 Mar;79(3):140-6. Epub 2004 Nov 11.

Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.
Yadav V, Marracci G, et al., Mult Scler. 2005 Apr;11(2):159-65.

The protective role of DL-alpha-lipoic acid in the oxidative vulnerability triggered by Abeta-amyloid vaccination in mice.
Jesudason EP, Masilamoni JG, et al., Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Feb;270(1-2):29-37.

Beneficial effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in mitochondrial fractions of rat testis.
Selvakumar E, Prahalathan C, et al., Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Feb 28;152(1):59-66.

Bcl-2 in endothelial cells is increased by vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid supplementation but not exercise training.
Marsh SA, Laursen PB, et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005 Mar;38(3):445-51.

The protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid against oxidative damage in rabbit conjunctiva and cornea exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Demir U, Demir T, Ilhan N. Ophthalmologica. 2005 Jan-Feb;219(1):49-53.

Burning mouth syndrome: the efficacy of lipoic acid on subgroups.
Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004 Nov;18(6):676-8.

Cancer-Related Anorexia/Cachexia Syndrome and Oxidative Stress: An Innovative Approach beyond Current Treatment.
Mantovani G, Madeddu C, Maccio A, Gramignano G, et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Oct;13(10):1651-9.

Lipoic acid attenuates hypertension and improves insulin sensitivity, kallikrein activity and nitrite levels in high fructose-fed rats.
Thirunavukkarasu V, Anitha Nandhini AT, Anuradha CV. J Comp Physiol [B]. 2004 Sep 29

alpha lipoic acid inhibits human T-cell migration: Implications for multiple sclerosis.
Marracci GH, McKeon GP, Marquardt WE, Winter RW, et al. J Neurosci Res. 2004 Sep 13;78(3):362-370

Effect of antioxidants and ACE inhibition on chemical modification of proteins and progression of nephropathy in the streptozotocin diabetic rat.
Alderson NL, Chachich ME, et al. Diabetologia. 2004 Aug;47(8):1385-95.

alpha-lipoic Acid Mitigates Insulin Resistance in Goto-Kakizaki Rats.
Bitar MS, Wahid S, et al. Horm Metab Res. 2004 Aug;36(8):542-9.

Conformational stability and thermodynamic characterization of the lipoic acid bearing domain of human mitochondrial branched chain {alpha}-ketoacid dehydrogenase.
Naik MT, Huang TH. Protein Sci. 2004 Sep;13(9):2483-2492.

alpha-Lipoic acid inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma.
Sook Cho Y, Lee J, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Aug;114(2):429-35.

alpha-Lipoic acid-based PPARgamma agonists for treating inflammatory skin diseases.
Venkatraman MS, Chittiboyina A, et al. Arch Dermatol Res. 2004 Aug;296(3):97-104.

Anti-obesity effects of alpha-lipoic acid mediated by suppression of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase.
Kim MS, Park JY, et al. Nat Med. 2004 Jul;10(7):727-33.

L-carnitine and DL-alpha-lipoic acid reverse the age-related deficit in glutathione redox state in skeletal muscle and heart tissues.
Kumaran S, Savitha S, et al. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004 Jul;125(7):507-12.

An accelerated assay for the identification of lifespan-extending interventions in Drosophila melanogaster.
Bauer JH, Goupil S, Garber GB, Helfand SL. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug.

Lipoic acid as a potential therapy for chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Smith AR, Shenvi SV, Widlansky M, Suh JH, Hagen TM. Curr Med Chem. 2004 May;11(9):1135-46.

Clinical experience with thioctacid (thioctic acid) in the treatment of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in Korean diabetic patients.
Hahm JR, Kim BJ, Kim KW. J Diabetes Complications. 2004 Mar-Apr;18(2):79-85.

Alpha-Lipoic acid is effective in prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Morini M, Roccatagliata L, et al. J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Mar;148(1-2):146-53.

Antioxidant supplementation normalizes elevated protein kinase C activity in the proximal tubules of old rats.
Asghar M, Lokhandwala MF. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004 Mar;229(3):270-5.

Influence of alpha-lipoic acid on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence system in blood of insulin-resistant rats.
Thirunavukkarasu V, Anuradha CV. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 May;6(3):200-7.

Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid: a meta-analysis.
Ziegler D, Nowak H, et al. Diabet Med. 2004 Feb;21(2):114-21.

Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid against chloroquine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Pari L, Murugavel P. J Appl Toxicol. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):21-6.

Development of a sustained release dosage form for alpha-lipoic acid. I. Design and in vitro evaluation.
Bernkop-Schnurch A, Schuhbauer H, Clausen AE, Hanel R. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2004 Jan;30(1):27-34

Development of a sustained release dosage form for alpha-lipoic acid. II. Evaluation in human volunteers.
Bernkop-Schnurch A, Reich-Rohrwig E, et al. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2004 Jan;30(1):35-42.

Burning Mouth Syndrome: open trial of psychotherapy alone, medication with alpha-lipoic acid (thioctic acid), and combination therapy.
Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C. Med Oral. 2004 Jan-Feb;9(1):8-13.

Unraveling the pathway of lipoic acid biosynthesis.
Booker SJ. Chem Biol. 2004 Jan ;11(1):10-2.

Lipoic acid restores antioxidant system in tissues of hyperinsulinaemic rats.
Thirunavukkarasu V, Anitha Nandhini AT, Anuradha CV. Indian J Med Res. 2003 Sep;118:134-40.

A dual action of alpha-lipoic acid in the brain: an electrophysiological evaluation.
Fonteles DS, Cabral FR, et al. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2003 Sep;61(3B):738-45.

Alpha-lipoic acid treatment prevents the diabetes-induced attenuation of the afferent limb of the baroreceptor reflex in rats.
Gouty S, Regalia J, Cai F, Helke CJ. Auton Neurosci. 2003 Oct 31;108(1-2):32-44.

Alpha-lipoic acid and cardiovascular disease.
Wollin SD, Jones PJ. J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11):3327-30.

Alpha-lipoic acid decreases thiol reactivity of the insulin receptor and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Cho KJ, Moini H, et al. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 1;66(5):849-58.

Effect of DL-alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Status of Lipid Peroxidation and Lipids in Aged Rats
Arivazhagan P, Panneerselvam SR, Panneerselvam C. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003 Sep;58(9):B788-91

Free radical scavengers improve the impaired endothelium-dependent responses in aorta and kidneys of diabetic rabbits.
Nascimento NR, Costa-e-Forti A, Peter AA, Fonteles MC. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003 Sep;61(3):145-53.

Prophylaxis against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injuries by lipoic acid in rats.
Suntres ZE. Pharmacol Res. 2003 Dec;48(6):585-91.

Lipoic acid: A multifunctional antioxidant.
Bast A, Haenen GR. Biofactors. 2003;17(1-4):207-13

Protection against amyloid beta peptide and iron/hydrogen peroxide toxicity by alpha lipoic acid.
Lovell MA, Xie C, Xiong S, Markesbery WR. J Alzheimers Dis. 2003 Jun;5(3):229-39.

Nutritional cofactor treatment in mitochondrial disorders.
Marriage B, Clandinin MT, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Aug;103(8):1029-38. Sharma M, Gupta YK. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Aug;13(4):241-7

Synthesis and antioxidant efficiency of a new amphiphilic spin-trap derived from PBN and lipoic acid.
Durand G, Polidori A, Salles JP, Prost M, Durand P, Pucci B Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 Aug 18;13(16):2673-6.

Lipoic acid supplementation prevents angiotensin II-induced renal injury
Mervaala E, Finckenberg P, et al. Kidney Int. 2003 Aug;64(2):501-8.

The influence of lipoic acid on adriamycin-induced hyperlipidemic nephrotoxicity in rats.
Malarkodi KP, Balachandar AV, Varlakshmi P Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 May;247(1-2):139-45.

Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on biomarkers of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB. 3rd J Nutr Biochem. 2003 May;14(5):288-94.

Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients.
Gaetke LM, Chow CK. Toxicology. 2003 Jul 15;189(1-2):147-63.

Vitamin D enhances caspase-dependent and independent TNFalpha-induced breast cancer cell death: The role of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria.
Weitsman GE, Ravid A, Liberman UA, Koren R. Int J Cancer. 2003 Aug 20;106(2):178-86

Toxic metals and antioxidants: Part II. The role of antioxidants in arsenic and cadmium toxicity.
Patrick L. Altern Med Rev. 2003 Apr;8(2):106-28.

Combined efficacies of lipoic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on lead-induced erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rats.
Sivaprasad R, Nagaraj M, Varalakshmi P. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2003 Apr;22(4):183-92.

The metabolic tune-up: metabolic harmony and disease prevention.
Ames BN. J Nutr. 2003 May;133(5 Suppl 1):1544S-8S

New insights on oxidative stress and diabetic complications may lead to a "Causal" antioxidant therapy.
Ceriello A. Diabetes Care. 2003 May;26(5):1589-96.

Exercise training and antioxidants: relief from oxidative stress and insulin resistance.
Henriksen EJ, Saengsirisuwan V. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003 Apr;31(2):79-84.

Reduction of inclusion body pathology in ApoE-deficient mice fed a combination of antioxidants.
Veurink G, Liu D, Taddei K, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Apr 15;34(8):1070-7

Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant mechanisms, and serum cytokine levels in cancer patients: impact of an antioxidant treatment.
Mantovani G, Maccio A, et al. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2003;22(1):17-28

Glycated albumin increases oxidative stress, activates NF-kappa B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and stimulates ERK-dependent transforming growth factor-beta 1 production in macrophage RAW cells.
Cohen MP, Shea E, et al. J Lab Clin Med. 2003 Apr;141(4):242-9.

Protective effect of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and other antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in gerbil brain homogenates.
Lee SR, Im KJ, Suh SI, Jung JG. Phytother Res. 2003 Mar;17(3):206-9.

The impact of different antioxidant agents alone or in combination on reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes and cytokines in a series of advanced cancer patients at different sites: correlation with disease progression.
Mantovani G, Maccio A, et al. Free Radic Res. 2003 Feb;37(2):213-23.

Graded sensitiveness of the various retinal neuron populations on the glyoxal-mediated formation of advanced glycation end products and ways of protection.
Reber F, Geffarth R, et al. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;241(3):213-25. Epub 2003 Feb 07

2-Oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in redox regulation.
Bunik VI. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Mar;270(6):1036-42.

Lipoic acid preventk
Midaoui AE, Elimadi A, Wu L, Haddad PS, de Champlain J. Am J Hypertens. 2003 Mar;16(3):173-9.

Photoprotection by antioxidants against UVB-radiation-induced damage in pig skin organ culture.
Rijnkels JM, Moison RM, Podda E, et al. Radiat Res. 2003 Feb;159(2):210-7.

Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant mechanisms and serum cytokine levels in cancer patients: impact of an antioxidant treatment.
Mantovani G, Maccio A,et al. J Cell Mol Med. 2002 Oct-Dec;6(4):570-82

The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid: the SYDNEY trial.
Ametov AS, Barinov A, et al; SYDNEY Trial Study Group. Diabetes Care. 2003 Mar;26(3):770-6.

Effect of alpha lipoic acid on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model of cognitive impairment in rats.

Sharma M, Gupta YK. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Aug;13(4):241-7.

Protective role of DL-alpha-lipoic acid against adriamycin-induced cardiac lipid peroxidation.
Balachandar AV, Malarkodi KP, Varalakshmi P. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2003 May;22(5):249-54.

Early oxidative stress in the diabetic kidney: effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid.
Obrosova IG, Fathallah L, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Jan 15;34(2):186-95.